Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and divorce between 178 divorced women and 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain divorce. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce and chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women and 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of divorced women and 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.

Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and divorce between 178 divorced women and 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain divorce. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce and chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women and 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of divorced women and 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.

Considering an increase in the number of women – headed families and the problems associated with these types of households in recent years, the present study seeks to understand and narrate the lived experience of divorced family-headed women. This research has been done by qualitative and descriptive phenomenological method on 10 divorced family-headed women in the city of Farsan. Participants were selected through a purposive sampling and snowball method from divorced women covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation. The lived experience of female-headed households was classified under the three main themes of ‘ supervision as redefinition of relationships with community’ , ‘ supervision as an unpleasant emotional experience’ , and ‘ Supervision as another form of social life’ . The results showed that female-headed women are faced many challenges in their family and social life, requiring the policy makers to address their social problems and reduce the social imbalance of these households

The aim of the present study was to investigate intolerance of uncertainty among divorced and non-divorced women as predictors of depression, anxiety and stress. The study is of causal–comparative type. The statistical population of the research includes all of the divorced women supported by social welfare organization who referred to consultation centeres of Khoy (Social welfare office and Tara consultation center) and undivorced women. Out of this statistical population, 70 people were selected by available sampling method and 70 people from undivorced women were selected based on age and education. After collecting the data and information by depression, anxiety and stress questionnaires and intolerance of uncertainty scale, the data were tested by spss software and by using Multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA), Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The analysis showed that there is a significant difference between divorced and undivorced women in terms of depression, anxiety, stress and intolerance of uncertainty (p< 0.0001) and that divorced women have higher depression, anxiety, stress and intolerance of uncertainty than undivorced women. Furthermore, the stepwise regression analysis showed that among secondary scaleof intolerance of uncertainty, only stressfulness of uncertainty and negaliveness of unexpected events and avoiding them are significant predictors of depression, stress and anxiety among women. Based on research findings and research background, reduction of intolerance of uncertainty can cause reduction of different levels of depression, anxiety and stress. so, treatment based on reduction of intolerance of uncertainty and increasing skills of ambiguity tolerance is necessary before starting treatment of sensation and anxiety disorder in divorced women.

Failure of spouses to address their fundamental needs in the marriage procedure results in losing life meaning and divorce. Emotional aspects have the potential to involve couples in loneness. Regarding such situation, people should be guided before and after marriage. Forgiveness is the manner of emotional and attitude alternations of a guilty person. The present paper investigates the effectiveness of forgiveness therapy on divorce adaptation of divorced women. Statistical population of this study included divorced women resided in Shiraz in 2015. 30 people selected by simple random sampling method were divided were randomly assigned into two groups. Research tool was fisher’s 100-items questionnaire of adjustment after divorce. The obtained result was analyzed by using covariance technique. Results demonstrated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups. This indication means that group learning of the concept forgiveness leads to improve the level of adjustment among the divorced women.

Objectives Divorce is an important life event that profoundly affects individuals’ emotional and social lives, particularly their interpersonal intimacy. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of divorced women in Canada regarding their interpersonal intimacy, identifying their challenges and transformations after divorce. Methods This is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 divorced women aged 28-54 years in Richmond Hill, Ontario, from April to July 2023, who had divorced at least in the past year. The interviews explored their emotional transitions, social support networks, self-perception, and future outlook on relationships. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis in NVivo software. Results Four main themes were identified: Emotional Transition, Social Support/Isolation, Identity/Self-Perception, and Future Outlook/Relationships. These themes had some subthemes and concepts, revealing the grieving and self-discovery process, the pivotal role of social networks and societal views, role reevaluation and identity, and the cautious optimism towards building new intimate relationships. Conclusion The complex interaction between emotional, social, and personal factors shapes the experiences of interpersonal intimacy after divorce in Canadian women. The findings highlight the importance of supportive networks, societal acceptance, and personal growth in navigating the complexities of interpersonal intimacy after divorce. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that divorced women in Canada face in their relationships, offering insights for therapeutic and social support interventions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of psychodrama on General Health of divorced women. A randomized pre-test post-test with control group design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 30 divorced female who were assigned randomly in experimental and control group. Goldberg and General Health Questionnaire were used in this study (pre-test and Post-test). After eight session's psychodrama, experimental group was compare with control group. The results showed that psychodrama is an effective treatment to increase General Health for divorced female in experimental group. Indeed, the treatment has reduced the mean scores of the experimental group compared to the control group on somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression. In sum, this study revealed the role of psychodrama as an effective intervention for divorced female to keep their mental health.